One of our most common fish has an identity problem.
The green sunfish lives in nearly all water. But it’s seldom called by its proper common name. Almost everyone calls this pugnacious sunfish a “black perch.” The green sunfish probably doesn’t mind: In clear water, its dark green sides do look black, but this fish is definitely not a perch.
Unlike its cousin, the bluegill, the green sunfish is long rather than deep in body shape. It has a large mouth–better for this predator to grab other fish or maybe a crayfish, frog or large insect. In turn, they might become a meal for a bass, heron or water snake. Green sunfish are distinguished by the bright yellow or yellow-orange fringe on the margins of their fins. Adult fish have zigzag lines running up the lower jaw that are frequently bright blue-green.
Green sunfish live in ponds, lakes and streams. Because they’re easy to catch on a small hook baited with an earthworm, youngsters love to fish for them. Green sunfish are so adaptable and competitive that they can dominate a farm pond at the expense of the bluegill, which some anglers consider more desirable.
Keep an eye out for the ubiquitous green sunfish. He’ll appreciate that you know enough about him to call him by his right name!
The Scoop on this Small Fish
- Green sunfish can live up to 6 years.
- Green sunfish can be found in any pond, lake, or stream that is capable of supporting fish life. They are often found in pools and backwaters of streams that become isolated and stagnant during the summer or drought.
- They usually have a dark splotch on the back of their dorsal fin.
- Green sunfish are fairly small. They typically measure 6 to 8 inches; maximum of about 10 inches; and weigh 1 pound.
Learn more about the green sunfish in the MDC Field Guide.
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